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1. What must be done every day:   (1) Summarize the completion of daily plan;   (2) Consider the main work to be done tomorrow;   (3) Understand the work progress of each team or subcontractor and give corresponding guidance;   (4) Defects and deficiencies in the construction process shall be considered in advance and improvement methods and steps shall be worked out;   (5) Remember the name of the person in charge of each construction team and the team leader, and the degree of work responsibility;   (6) Various reports and lists that must be viewed every day;   (7) Consider the mistakes you made during your day's work;   (8) Whether the quality and efficiency of your daily work can be improved;   (9) All data and documents to be replied.     2. What must be done weekly:   (1) In addition to the normal regular meeting, a regular management meeting shall be held;   (2) Communicate with a person who you think is or will be the backbone of technology or management;   (3) Report the work to the company's superior once;   (4) Summarize the work progress of each team;   (5) Hold meetings related to quality and safety;   (6) Correct some wrong details during construction;   (7) Check the implementation of corrective measures last week;   (8) Conduct a self - review (informal);   (9) Organize their own documents or bookcases;   (10) Understand the change of corresponding construction schedule requirements;   (11) Statements, visa forms and construction records that must be seen every week;   (12) Communicate with the cooperation units (Party A and the Supervisor) during the construction;   (13) Praise the excellent on-site technical personnel or management personnel in the Project Department.   3. What must be done every ten-day:   (1) Ask their subordinates to eat or drink tea;   (2) Communicate and coordinate with other departments of the Company (such as Finance Department and Cost Department);   (3) Tracking and supervision shall be carried out for teams and groups having problems during construction and affecting construction progress and quality, and corresponding help shall be provided to strengthen specifications.   4. Monthly mandatory:   (1) Submit monthly work quantity confirmation list and apply for Party A to appropriate project funds;   (2) Assess the work of each project department member and team;   (3) Self-assessment once;   (4) Monthly overall work progress and prepare monthly project report;   (5) Work plan for the next month.

Before construction, technical disclosure, construction period and workload disclosure shall be carried out for the construction personnel to make them familiar with the requirements of each process.   The construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the construction schedule, and the labor force shall be reasonably arranged. When the scheduled construction labor force fails to meet the progress requirements, the labor force shall be increased in time.   Provide construction machines and tools and small tools according to the construction scheme and personnel requirements, and ensure that the construction machines and tools are in good condition.     Materials and components for the roof shall be mobilized in order according to the plan to avoid idling due to lack of materials.   Relevant personnel shall enter the site in advance and coordinate the projects with site cooperation requirements in time.   Do a good job in safety protection to avoid accidents affecting the normal construction.   Reasonably arrange the timetable and logistical support work, so that the construction personnel can have a good meal and rest, and have sufficient physical input to work.   When the construction progress falls behind the schedule, analyze the reasons in time and take measures to avoid reoccurrence. Meanwhile, crashing measures shall be formulated, and measures such as increasing manpower and overtime shall be taken to speed up the progress.

A safety leading group shall be set up at the construction site to be responsible for the safety of the construction site.   Construction personnel shall receive safety training and education before entering the site. Weekly safety meetings shall be held during construction. Safety education shall be carried out before and after the shift.   The construction leader shall formulate safety technical measures according to the actual situation and needs of the construction site.   Conduct safety technical disclosure to construction personnel before construction to make them understand the construction safety requirements of this process and improve their self-protection meaning.     If there are potential safety hazards on the construction site of the civil engineering unit that affect the construction safety of the unit, coordinate with the Owner to eliminate the potential hazards. If the Owner fails to coordinate, effective measures shall be taken to eliminate hidden dangers.   The construction scaffold can only be used after passing the acceptance. It is strictly prohibited to remove the rod, fastener and diagonal bracing without permission during the use process. The scaffold shall be regularly inspected by a specially-assigned person, and reinforcement measures shall be taken timely in case of abnormality.   On-site electricity utilization shall comply with the safety electricity utilization regulations, and the distribution box shall be guarded by a specially-assigned person, and shall not be randomly pulled or pulled.   The power box shall be equipped with leakage protector, and the leakage shall pass the test.   The power line shall be intact and aged. Do a good job in safety inspection. Scaffolds, electricity and temporary facilities on the construction site shall be inspected, and effective measures shall be taken to eliminate potential safety hazards. Provide safe construction environment for construction personnel.   Electric welding shall not be carried out in the open air in rainy days.   Provide necessary safety protection articles for construction personnel. The safety protection articles shall be intact. Check their use during construction. Stop construction if they cannot be used correctly.   Establish and improve safety inspection system, stop and correct violations, and timely take effective measures to eliminate potential safety hazards.   Establish and improve safety activities of teams and groups, strengthen safety education for construction personnel and improve safety awareness of construction personnel.   Provide good logistical support for construction personnel, ensure that construction personnel have a good rest, prevent fatigue, and prohibit fatigue construction.   Care for the health of workers and do not work with illness.

Before construction, relevant construction personnel shall receive quality education to get familiar with the Company's quality objectives and project quality objectives. Construction personnel of each process shall be trained on specifications and operating procedures to make them understand the construction process and quality requirements.   Carefully carry out technical disclosure before construction, and each process shall be constructed in strict accordance with the specifications and operating procedures.   Corresponding inspection shall be carried out for all mobilized materials and components. Unqualified materials and components shall not be used without authorization.     Strictly implement various quality inspection systems and carry out self-inspection and mutual inspection.   The quality inspector shall inspect each process, and the next process can be carried out only after passing the inspection. Inspection activities shall be carried out in accordance with relevant national industry standards, methods and quantities specified in the standards, and inspection records shall be made.   If the installation process is found to be unqualified, the construction personnel shall be ordered to repair and rework, and the corresponding records shall be made.   For unqualified products, QC, technical and project managers shall analyze and study the causes, give treatment suggestions according to relevant regulations of the company for handling unqualified products, and take preventive measures. In case of major problems, report to relevant departments of the company. Do not handle without authorization.   For concealed works, the inspection procedures shall be handled in time.   The inspection instruments used for inspection shall be verified to be qualified.   The Project Department shall hold a meeting every day to summarize the quality. Do a good job of prevention.   Do a good job of finished product protection, prevent trampling and trampling on the completed parts, and ensure that the roof is intact.

Quality records   This process standard shall have the following quality records   As-built drawing and design change record of steel structure works;   Quality certificates or test re-inspection reports of steel, connecting materials and coatings used for installation;   Documents related to engineering technology formed during installation;   Steel structure installation inspection records and installation quality evaluation data;   Foundation acceptance records;   Chapter V Preparations before Construction   The Construction Project Management Department is responsible for the preparation before construction.   The construction project manager organizes the relevant construction management and technical personnel of the construction project management department to prepare the construction scheme. The construction scheme shall reasonably arrange the construction personnel, mechanical equipment, materials and other plans according to the comprehensive requirements of construction period, quality, progress, process and safety in the contract and construction technical documents to ensure the construction progress.     The construction project manager organizes relevant construction management and technical personnel to get familiar with and master the construction technical drawings.   Organize the labor force required for construction, reasonably arrange the number of construction personnel required for each type of work and each process according to the construction period and project progress, and arrange the mobilization plan of construction personnel to ensure the construction progress.   The construction project manager shall prepare construction machines and tools according to the requirements of the construction scheme.   Carry out construction technical disclosure to relevant construction personnel.   Mobilize to the construction site in advance and arrange accommodation, office, warehouse, material stacking site and water and electricity.   Coordinate relevant work of cross operation of civil engineering unit.   Prepare the safety protection articles required for the construction and provide them according to the personnel.   Formulate safety technical measures, carry out construction safety education and safety technical disclosure.   Prepare various documents, charts and tables required for construction quality, site management and safety management for the convenience of record during construction.   Construction preparation: arrange construction personnel, materials, machines and tools, etc. to enter the site and prepare for installation at any time.

SECTION 1 PURLIN TYPES   Purline is generally of c shape or z shape. Cold forming process of cold formed thin-wall steel   Section 2 Purline Classification   Purlines used for portal steel frame generally include roof purlin, wall purlin, fan opening purlin, door and window purlin, canopy purlin, parapet purlin, skylight frame purlin, etc.     Section 3 Installation of Roof Purline System   Purline installation shall be carried out after the installation of steel support (ties), horizontal support and inter-column support is completed and the main body of steel structure is calibrated.   The welding of purlin bracket shall be marked on the steel beam, and the purlin bracket shall be welded and fixed according to the line. The welding position of purlin brackets in the same column shall be in a straight line and vertical to the steel beam (column).   For the roof with gradient less than 1:12.5, the roof irregularity caused by deflection of steel beam shall be eliminated during installation of purline.   Braces between purlins play a stable role on purlins. During installation, nuts on both sides of purlins at each end of braces shall be tightened so as to straighten purlins.   The spacing of purlins shall be arranged according to the requirements of the construction drawings, with the error no more than ± 5.0 mm. The bending vector height of purlins shall be no more than L/750 and less than 12.0 mm. Check with steel ruler and stay wire.   Section 4 Installation of Wall Purline   Leveling: detect and level the purlin support before installation, recheck the flatness of purlins one by one, and control the height difference between installed purlins within ± 5mm.   Snap the line: the supporting point of the purlin shall be fixed according to the position of the supporting point required by the design. Therefore, the supporting point shall be marked out with a line. After the installation and positioning of the purlin, it shall be accepted according to the layout of the purlin.   Fixation: the purlin shall be installed by crane or manually, and then the purlin and the purlin supporting parts on the main steel structure shall be fixed with bolts by welding machine. The purlin shall be welded or fixed with bolts according to the design requirements. The position shall be adjusted again before fixing, and the deviation shall be ≤ ± 5mm.   Inspection and acceptance: the spacing of purlins shall be arranged according to the requirements of the construction drawings, with the error no more than ± 5.0mm, and the bending vector height of purlins shall be no more than L/750 and less than 12.0mm. Check with steel ruler and stay wire.   The technical responsible person of the project shall notify the quality controller or the supervision engineer to accept the purlin after installation, and the next process shall be carried out after confirmation.   Section 5 Notes:   The purline shall be hoisted to the roof and scattered timely to avoid concentrated load and deformation of the door-type frame.   The purlin shall be installed in the same direction, beautiful and tidy. After the installation bolts are tightened, the thread should be roughened to prevent looseness;   Gas cutting reaming is not allowed for any mounting bolt hole.

Section 1 Materials, Semi-finished Products   Steel members: the model and manufacturing quality of steel members shall comply with the design requirements and construction specifications, and shall be provided with factory certificates and relevant technical conditions.   Connecting materials: welding rods, bolts and other materials shall be provided with quality certificates and comply with the design requirements and relevant national standards.   Coating: the technical performance of anti-rust coating shall meet the design requirements and relevant standards, and product quality certificate shall be provided.   Other materials: connectors of various specifications meet the construction requirements.     SECTION 2 OPERATING CONDITIONS   Check the quantity of mobilized components, ex-factory certificate and relevant technical conditions according to the detailed list of components. Check whether the components are damaged or deformed during loading, unloading, transportation and stacking. Damaged and deformed members shall be corrected or reworked. The rust-proof coating at the damaged part shall be applied again, and the inspection and acceptance procedures shall be handled again. Check the overall dimensions, hole making and welding of components and make records.   The steel structure components shall be supplied in sets according to the installation procedures, and the site stacking site shall meet the requirements of site sequence installation and the mobilization and demobilization of hoisting equipment.   Steel members shall be stacked by classification. Members with large rigidity can be stacked horizontally by laying skids. When stacked in multiple layers, the skid shall be on a vertical line.   Prepare the steel structure installation construction scheme, and make technical disclosure to the construction team after approval.   Check the installation bearing surface and embedded parts and obtain qualified acceptance data.

From the perspective of material cost, the cost of steel structure is far more than that of concrete structure. Why choose steel structure as the main structure of high-rise building? The main reasons are as follows:   1. Although steel structure is generally more expensive than concrete in cost, compared with traditional concrete structure, steel structure multi-storey building has incomparable advantages in construction and comprehensive benefits: such as light weight, low foundation cost, good seismic performance, easy to be repaired after disaster, recyclable and renewable materials, energy conservation, land saving and water conservation. On one hand, these advantages enable developers to reduce investment risks and speed up capital flow, which is very beneficial to sales and capital recovery of developers. On the other hand, for the constructor, the construction period is short, the construction is not affected by the climate and season, and the processing and on-site installation can be synchronized;   2. Environmental protection. Steel structure materials can be almost 100% recycled, greatly reducing the generation of construction waste;   3. Due to light weight and high strength of steel structure, the structural beam height and column section are smaller than concrete under the same span. For example, there will be more use area under the condition of planning height limit. For example, if a building with a height of 30 storeys is replaced with a concrete structure, the actual use area will be less than two storeys.     However, the steel structure has disadvantages:     1. It is necessary to pay attention to rust prevention. Some manufacturers are only responsible for the cover, regardless of maintenance. Improper selection will bring great hidden dangers;     2. The fire resistance performance is poor, and the fireproof external coating layer is required;     3. Large deformation, if the design scheme is not optimized, it is easy to cause the super high-rise building steel structure to feel more obvious shaking in windy days.  

1、 What are the applications of steel structures?   1. Roof system   It is composed of roof trusses, structural OSB panels, waterproof layers, lightweight roof tiles (metal or asphalt tiles), and related connectors. The roof of Maite Building's light steel structure can have various combinations in appearance. There are also various materials available. On the premise of ensuring waterproofing technology, there are many options for appearance.     2. Wall structure   The walls of light steel structure residential buildings are mainly composed of wall frame columns, wall top beams, wall bottom beams, wall supports, wall panels, and connectors. Light steel structure residential buildings generally use the inner transverse wall as the load-bearing wall of the structure, and the wall columns are C-shaped light steel components, with their wall thickness determined according to the load they are subjected to.   Usually 0.84-2 millimeters, the spacing between walls and columns is usually~millimeters. The wall structure layout of light steel structure residential buildings can effectively bear and reliably transmit vertical loads, and the layout is convenient.   Steel structures are commonly used in various Guangdong steel structure engineering structures with large spans, heights, loads, and dynamic effects, such as load-bearing skeletons and crane beams for steel structure factories, large-span roof structures, skeletons for high-rise buildings, large-span bridges, crane structures, tower and mast structures, frames for petrochemical equipment, work platforms and offshore oil platforms, pipeline supports, hydraulic gates, etc; It is also commonly used for structures that can be disassembled and relocated, such as temporary exhibition halls, construction site buildings, concrete formwork, etc. Lightweight steel structures are commonly used in various types of buildings with small spans and light roofs, as well as automated elevated warehouses. In addition, container structures, furnace structures, and large-diameter pipelines are also commonly made of steel.   Steel structure is a structure composed of steel, which is the main load-bearing component of a building. It has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good ductility, fast construction, and good seismic resistance. Steel structures are commonly used in super high-rise buildings and have a relatively high cost.   Steel structure is a structure made of steel. Steel structures are usually composed of steel beams, columns, trusses, and other components made of steel sections and plates; Each component or part is connected by welding seams, bolts, or rivets. Some steel structures are also composed of materials such as steel strands, steel wire ropes or bundles, and cast steel.   2、 What are the advantages of steel structure houses?   1. High material strength and lightweight   Steel has high strength and elastic modulus. Compared with concrete and wood, the ratio of density to yield strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the same stress conditions, steel structures have smaller cross-sections, lighter self weight, are easy to transport and install, and are suitable for structures with large spans, high heights, and heavy loads.   2. Steel has good toughness, plasticity, uniform material, and high structural reliability   Suitable for withstanding impact and dynamic loads, with good seismic performance. The internal structure of steel is uniform, almost isotropic and homogeneous. The actual working performance of steel structures is in line with the calculation theory. So the reliability of steel structures is high.   3. High degree of mechanization in steel structure manufacturing and installation   Steel structural components are easy to manufacture in factories and assemble on construction sites. Mechanized manufacturing of steel structural components in factories has high precision, high production efficiency, fast assembly speed on construction sites, and short construction period. Steel structure is a type of structure with a high degree of industrialization.   4. Good sealing performance of steel structure   Due to the welding structure, it can achieve complete sealing and create high-pressure vessels, large oil tanks, pressure pipelines, etc. with good air tightness and water tightness.   5. Steel structure is heat-resistant but not fire-resistant   When the temperature is below ℃, the properties of steel change very little. Therefore, steel structures are suitable for hot workshops, but when the surface of the structure is exposed to thermal radiation around ℃, insulation boards should be used for protection.   When the temperature is between ℃ and ℃ The strength and elastic modulus of steel both significantly decrease, and the strength of steel tends to zero when the temperature is around ℃. In buildings with special fire protection requirements, steel structures must be protected with refractory materials to improve their fire resistance rating.   6. Poor corrosion resistance of steel structure   Especially in humid and corrosive environments, it is prone to rusting. Generally, steel structures require rust removal, galvanizing, or coating, and regular maintenance. Special measures such as "zinc block anode protection" should be taken to prevent corrosion of offshore platform structures located in seawater.   7. Low carbon, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and reusable.

Steel structure engineering is convenient to construct and has a short construction period, often used in some factories and warehouses. During the construction process, the connection of steel structures mainly relies on steel components and other components, which play an important role in the quality of the entire project.   At present, the columns in steel structure factories are made of purchased H-beams or steel plates. Assuming the use of ready-made H-beams for manufacturing, the precision of column manufacturing can be easily controlled; The steel column is assumed to be assembled with plates, and after assembly and welding, it should be carefully shaped to ensure the flatness of the steel column and prevent deformation.     In the steel structure factory building structure of Zibo, the common main components include steel columns and steel beams, which are a large part of the support and load-bearing, and are important components of the structure. The cross-sectional forms of steel columns are divided into solid web columns and lattice columns. The solid belly column has an integral section and is commonly made of I-beams and H-beams; The section of lattice column is divided into two or more upper limbs, and the limbs are connected by Flat noodles or Flat noodles. When the load is large and the column width is wide, the consumption of steel is relatively low.   Steel beam, steel beam, composite beam. Steel beams can be used for crane beams in factories, work platform beams, floor beams in multi story buildings, purlins in roof structures, etc. Steel beams are made of hot-rolled I-beams or channel steel. Steel beams are easy to process and have relatively low costs, but the cross-sectional dimensions of steel beams are limited by certain specifications. When the load and span are large and the steel cannot meet the strength, stiffness, or stability requirements, composite beams are used.   Composite beams are welded or riveted using steel plates or sections. Due to the labor-intensive and material intensive nature of riveting, welding is often used. The commonly used welded composite beams are H-shaped and box shaped sections composed of upper and lower flange plates and web plates. The latter has high material consumption and complex manufacturing processes, but has high bending and torsional stiffness. It is suitable for situations with high lateral load and torsion requirements or limited beam height.   The main components of steel structure engineering can be constructed using different materials. Different materials have certain differences in natural properties and quality. Different types of factories can also be constructed, such as multi story steel structure factories, light steel structure factories, brick concrete structure factories, etc., to improve the installation quality of the entire structure.   Therefore, steel components play an important role in fixing and connecting steel structure engineering, and play a crucial role in the quality and safety of the project. Attention should be paid to the quality selection of steel components and other parts during use.

1. The high-altitude bulk method refers to the method of directly assembling H-beam small assembly units or loose parts in the planned direction for overall assembly. There are two types of high-altitude bulk methods: full support (i.e. joint scaffolding) method and cantilever method. The full support method is mostly used for assembling individual components, while the selection method is more commonly used for assembling small assembly units at high altitudes or for assembling spherical mesh shells and triangular grids. The steel structure construction project of the National Stadium adopts the high-altitude bulk method for installation. The H-beam strip or block device method refers to the method of dividing the structure into strip or block units, lifting them separately by a crane to a planned position at high altitude, and then assembling them into a whole device. The steel construction projects of the Beijing Olympic Basketball Center and the National Stadium were both installed using this method.     2. The overall lifting method, which refers to the construction method of using one or more pull-out rods and one or more cranes to lift and position H-beams or trusses after they are assembled on the ground. The overall plan for on-site and column misalignment assembly is to lift the grid or truss, and the opposite (rectangular) plane structure needs to be translated in the air. For circular structures, a viewpoint needs to be rotated in the air and then lowered into place. This plan is suitable for pole pulling and hoisting. The off-site assembly plan is selected for crawler and tower crane lifting. The typical representative of this construction method applied in the steel structure construction of Olympic projects is the overall lifting method of Laoshan Cycling Center, which refers to the method of placing the grid in place on the ground and assembling it into a whole, using lifting equipment (usually hydraulic jacks and steel lines) to vertically lift the grid to the planned elevation and fix it. The National Convention Center project adopted this method for installation.   In addition to systematizing and theorizing construction methods, domestic steel structure construction companies have accumulated a large amount of reference data and experience in the details of large-scale space steel structure construction due to their firsthand experience. These are important for the future development of steel structure construction companies and how to avoid the deformation of H-shaped steel in space steel structure factory buildings. The improvement of the overall level of steel structure construction in our country will have a profound impact.

The main reasons for seismic resistance of steel structure buildings are as follows:   1. Steel structures have high strength and rigidity. Compared to traditional concrete and brick wood structures, steel houses use steel as the material, which has the advantages of high strength, high rigidity, and high toughness, and can withstand large horizontal loads.   2. Lightweight. Compared to concrete and brick wood structures, steel structure houses have a lighter self weight and can reduce the inertia force of the building, thereby reducing the response force under earthquake action.     3. Integration. Steel structure houses can adopt integrated design and manufacturing during design and construction, effectively avoiding weak points such as joints and masonry in traditional structures, and improving the overall seismic performance of buildings.   4. Can be prefabricated. Steel structure houses can adopt factory prefabrication technology during production and manufacturing, which can control construction quality, reduce construction period, and improve engineering safety.   5. The reliability of auxiliary components is high. The connectors and ancillary components used in steel structure houses have undergone rigorous testing and inspection, and have high reliability and stability.   In summary, steel structure houses have the advantages of high strength, high rigidity, lightweight, integrated, prefabricable, and high reliability of ancillary components. Therefore, they have good seismic performance under the influence of natural disasters such as earthquakes. Meanwhile, steel structure houses can also achieve sustainable development, with good environmental and economic performance.

Steel structure is a building structural system in China. Compared with previous civil structures, steel structures have stronger toughness and better compressive strength. The construction of steel structure factory buildings mainly includes embedded parts, columns, ordinary steel bars, steel beams, etc. So what are the construction methods? Support and tension, usually round steel tiles, can be divided into two types, one is single tile (color steel tile). Two are composite panels. (Polyurethane or rock wool sandwiched between two colored coated boards can help keep warm in winter and cool in summer, as well as provide sound insulation and fire prevention). Lightweight, high strength, and large span. Although the density of steel structure factory buildings is higher than other building materials, their strength is very high. Under the same stress conditions, steel structures have a small self weight and can be made into large-span structures. Short construction period. The construction part of the steel structure factory building is mainly prefabricated in the factory, and the installation is stopped after being transported to the construction site to facilitate assembly work and construction. High fire resistance: When the surface temperature of the steel is below 150 ℃, the strength does not change much, but when it exceeds 150 ℃, the strength will significantly decrease.   Generally speaking, fireproof coating is applied to the surface of steel structure factory buildings to form a protective film and improve the fire resistance of components. Of course, it is also important to reasonably divide the fire protection functional areas and use fire-resistant rolling shutters. Waterproof and anti-seepage: Rainwater infiltration mainly occurs through joints or gaps. In order to prevent leakage and waterproofing, it is necessary to use a sealing gasket at the screw mouth, then use concealed fixing, use sealant or welding at the overlap of the board, eliminate the overlap part with the full-length board, and use expansion waterproofing treatment at each joint.     The design of steel structure factory nodes determines the safety of industrial buildings, so the design of nodes should fully consider their rationality and the safety of the building. With the continuous development of building materials, concrete buildings have been replaced by rigid buildings, and steel structures themselves also have many advantages.

Nowadays, every city has a large number of factories. Some factories are used to produce various large equipment, while others are used to produce some daily necessities that we need in our daily lives. Due to the discharge of sewage and polluting gases during the production of various products after the factory is put into use, it is generally concentrated in the suburbs, and some factories were built many years ago. Faced with such a factory building with a certain service life, although it can still be put into use, a systematic inspection of the factory building may reveal some quality issues. One common problem is how to repair the factory building for rain leakage. How to deal with the problem of water leakage in the factory building after inspection to achieve good waterproof effect?   How to accurately determine whether the factory is currently leaking water? For testing units, the first step is to use professional leak detection equipment (leak detector) to systematically detect multiple locations in the factory building, in order to determine whether there is currently a leak in the factory building. Some factories have a large area, which not only consumes time and energy, but also easily overlooks some corners. To accurately identify which locations in the factory are leaking water? In order to complete the rain leakage repair work as soon as possible, the focus should be on control, and the locations where water leakage problems are prone to occur should be the focus of water leakage detection. At the same time, other parts of the factory cannot be ignored. Due to the large building area of the factory, when conducting systematic water leakage detection on the factory, it may also be found that some factories that have been used for many years also have serious water leakage situations. What precautions should be taken during the waterproofing and sealing construction of the factory building to ensure that the problem of water leakage in the factory building can be completely solved?     1. The applicability and compatibility of waterproof materials used in waterproof construction must meet high standards.   2. Before starting work, a comprehensive leak detection should be conducted on the factory building to identify any water leakage issues. In the later stage of rain repair and construction, more targeted waterproof construction can also be achieved.   3. For factories with serious water leakage problems, when carrying out waterproof construction treatment, it is necessary to master the construction focus, methods, and materials, and entrust professional waterproof construction units to provide on-site services to ensure that a series of quality problems such as factory water leakage can be thoroughly solved.

1、 Steel structure factory buildings have the following advantages:   1. Steel structure factory buildings have a light weight, and the weight of steel structures is only one-fifth of that of brick and concrete structures. Steel structure factory buildings have high strength, large span, and large space.   2. Steel structure factory buildings have good seismic resistance and impact resistance. The steel structure factory building has good overall rigidity and strong deformation capacity.   3. Steel structure factory buildings have high fire resistance, high corrosion resistance, and high sealing performance.   4. Steel structure factory buildings have low investment, are easy to demolish, can be recycled multiple times, are environmentally friendly, and have a long service life.   5. The industrialization level of steel structure factory manufacturing is relatively high, and it can be quickly installed on standard assembly lines.     6. Steel structures occupy a small area but have a large usage area, increasing the usage area by 4% -8% compared to traditional concrete structures, indirectly increasing economic benefits.   7. Steel structure factory buildings are easy to transform during use, such as reinforcement, elevation, partitions, and other internal divisions, which are relatively easy to adjust and flexible.   2、 The steel structure factory building is mainly divided into five parts:   1. Basic embedded parts, capable of stabilizing the structure of steel factory buildings.   2. The column is made of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, round tube or C-shaped steel (two C-shaped steel joints).   3. The beam is made of C-shaped steel and H-shaped steel.   4. Purlins are usually made of C-shaped steel and channel steel.   5. The wall and roof are made of color steel profiled plates, one of which is color steel single tile (color steel tile). One type is color steel sandwich composite board. Foam, rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, etc. are fixed between the two layers of tiles to achieve the effect of fire resistance, flame retardancy, sealing and sound insulation.

In the construction process of steel structure engineering, quality is a very important part. If we can seriously understand quality and ensure it better through the correct methods, it will play a good role in the long-term development of the future. How to ensure the specific quality during the project construction process?   1. Scientific Design   To ensure the quality of steel structure engineering, more scientific design is necessary. Design is a prerequisite for construction. If there are problems or various errors in the design itself, it will be greatly affected during the application process. Therefore, when designing, we must carefully select professionals for scientific design to ensure the entire process in the future.     2. The quality of materials should pass testing   If you want to do better in the construction of steel structures, the quality of materials is also a very important part. When we can truly have better material quality, we can ensure the overall situation during the construction process. However, if the quality of the material itself is not up to standard, even if the design is good, the final effect may not be satisfactory.   3. Tracking and inspection   At every stage of steel structure construction, we need to carefully inspect all aspects, which is a very important thing for us. Only by actively inspecting specific projects can it have greater significance for the entire construction. If any problems are found during the inspection process, they must be resolved in a timely manner to avoid other issues that may affect long-term use in the future.

Steel structure factory buildings are widely adopted, which have the advantages of light weight, low cost, short construction period, high level of industrialization, small on-site workload, and high comprehensive benefits. Portal frame is suitable for single story building steel structures without bridge cranes or with only Al-A5 working level bridge cranes or 3t suspended cranes with a lifting capacity of no more than 20t.   1、 Selection of column grid size and arrangement of structural system for portal frame   1. The selection of column grid size: The layout of the portal frame column grid should first meet the requirements of the factory process. The spacing between portal frames is usually between 6-9m. Regardless of whether there is a crane or portal frame, a reasonable column spacing of 8-9m is recommended. Due to the number of components in the project, it will directly affect the quantity, construction progress, and cost of processing and installation. When a project adopts a column spacing of 9m, the number of components such as frames, purlins, and crane beams is reduced by about 30% compared to when adopting a column spacing of 6m. Although its cross-section increases, its beneficial impact on shortening the construction period and reducing project costs is very obvious. The more economical span of the portal frame is recommended to be within the range of 2L-24m, and its reasonable large span should not exceed 36m.   2. Structural system: Portal frames are usually considered as planar structures, serving as the primary and secondary structures for lateral forces such as purlins, wall beams, and supports, forming the entire portal frame steel structure system. Purlins and wall beams are not only components that bear vertical and horizontal loads, but also connecting components between frames. The longitudinal horizontal force of the factory building is borne by the support system. Horizontal roof supports should be installed between the end columns or the second column in each temperature range, and horizontal supports should be installed every 40m at other positions to form a spatially stable structure for the entire building. The longitudinal temperature range of the portal frame structure house shall not exceed 300m; the transverse temperature range shall not exceed 150m.     2、 Portal frame design   1. The form of portal frame: The horizontal beams of portal frame are generally variable cross-section, and the columns of the frame can adopt variable cross-section or equal cross-section according to the span, height, load size and load type of the building. When a bridge crane is installed, the columns are made of equal cross-section components. The column base of a portal frame is generally designed as hinged, which can simplify the column base structure, reduce the requirements for the foundation, and reduce the cost of the foundation. But when there is a bridge crane and strict requirements for lateral stiffness, the column base should be designed as a rigid connection. When the stiffness can meet the requirements for use, the upper end of the middle column of the portal frame can be hinged with the crossbeam to become a swinging column. The components of portal frames are generally made of solid belly welded I-shaped sections or hot-rolled H-beams. Variable sections can be achieved by changing the section height, web thickness, or flange thickness and width. The change in cross-section is mainly determined by the internal force changes of the structure, and the material's role should be fully utilized as much as possible.   2. Load and stress analysis: The uniformly distributed live load on the roof should not be considered together with snow load, and the larger of the two should be taken; Simultaneously consider the larger values of accumulated ash load, snow load, or uniformly distributed live load on the roof; The concentrated load during construction or maintenance shall not be considered simultaneously with other loads other than the self weight of roof materials or purlins; The combination of multiple cranes should comply with the current national standard l2J; Wind load is not considered simultaneously with earthquake action.   3. Approximate estimation of bending moments at the beam and column ends of a rigid frame: The single span portal frame with hinged column bottom is a statically indeterminate structure. When the crossbeam and column have variable cross-sections, the calculation is very complex and must be solved by a computer. After obtaining the horizontal reaction force at the bottom of one end of the column or the bending moment at the top of the column (or the end of the crossbeam), the static equilibrium formula can be used to solve it.   3、 Purlins, wall beams, and braces   The purlins and wall beams in the portal frame steel structure factory generally use effective and economical solid belly rolled edge C-type and Z-type cold-formed thin-walled steel, which has the advantages of relatively large section turning radius and inertia distance, good overall stiffness, and can fully utilize the material's performance. But at the same time, there is also a small torsional stiffness of the cross-section, which is very sensitive to the eccentricity of the load. When calculating, possible torsional deformation and constrained buckling stress should be considered.

The application fields of steel structures are very extensive, mainly including the following aspects:   ① Industrial plants and warehouses   Steel structures are widely used in industrial plants, workshops, warehouses and other building types, especially suitable for the needs of large-span, large space and heavy load.   ② Commercial buildings   Commercial buildings are mostly high-rise buildings, and the use of steel structure technology can significantly reduce building weight, improve earthquake resistance, wind resistance, and other capabilities, while achieving rapid construction and increased utilization of building space.     ③ Residential buildings   Steel structure technology is also widely used in the field of residential construction, especially in high-rise residential buildings and other structures. The lightweight and high-strength characteristics of steel structures can reduce the self weight of buildings, increase space utilization, and improve the seismic performance of buildings.   ④ Cultural architecture   The application of steel structure technology in the field of cultural architecture is becoming increasingly widespread, such as steel structure bridges, steel structure sculptures, steel structure sports halls, etc., which can achieve complex spatial design and fully demonstrate architectural aesthetics and creativity.   ⑤ Bridges and airports   Steel structures can provide better span and load capacity, making them suitable for large infrastructure such as bridges and airports.   ⑥ Temporary and Removable Buildings   The advantages of steel structures make them suitable for various temporary and removable buildings, such as temporary exhibition halls, exhibition halls, on-site construction sites, concrete formwork, etc.   Overall, the application fields of steel structures are very extensive, with advantages such as lightweight, environmental protection, and fast construction, which can meet the building needs of different fields. At the same time, the design and construction of steel structures need to comply with relevant specifications and standards to ensure their safety, stability, and durability.

The advantages of steel structure factory buildings:   1. Steel is lightweight, strong, and has a large span, making it easy to construct.   2. Fast construction speed, correspondingly reducing investment costs.   3. Strong earthquake resistance, easy disassembly and relocation, high recycling rate, no pollution, and good environmental protection.     4. Widely applicable, suitable for large-span buildings such as factories, warehouses, office buildings, sports arenas, 4S stores, exhibition halls, etc.   5. Durable and easy to maintain, buildings designed through computer technology can withstand harsh weather conditions and are easy to maintain.   6. Wind resistance, good toughness of steel sections, and the ability to effectively withstand large deformations and dynamic loads.

1. The bent frame structure factory building is currently the most basic and common structural form, consisting of a roof or roof beams, columns, and foundations. The columns are hinged to the roof frame and the foundation is rigidly connected. According to different production processes and usage requirements, the bent frame structure has a large-span, high tonnage crane steel structure factory building.   2. The steel frame structure factory building is a component formed by rigidly connecting columns and beams, and columns and foundations are commonly hinged. The advantages of steel frame are the integration of beams and columns, fewer types of components, simpler production, lightweight structure, smaller span, and slightly better economic indicators than bent frame structure     3. Steel structure industrial plant buildings are designed to serve production, and their combination of shapes is inevitably closely related to their internal characteristics. The ups and downs of production processes, as well as the uneven distribution of heights and equipment, create various combinations of building shapes, which not only enrich the architectural form but also reflect the internal characteristics.   (1) The areas with high craftsmanship requirements should be higher, and the areas with low requirements should be lower. Combining these characteristics, a building group with staggered heights should be formed.   (2) On the basis of meeting production and usage requirements, the combination of body types should also apply the general rules of architectural composition to organize building clusters that are in harmony with the surrounding environment.   (3) When combining spaces, while highlighting the key points and emphasizing the center, the architectural form should be concise, so that there is unity in the changes and changes in the unity, making our industrial buildings more artistic.   (4) Wall treatment is carried out on the basis of determining the shape, which is mainly reflected on the facade of the building.   (5) The color of the wall and the size, position, proportion, and combination of doors and windows directly affect the facade effect of industrial buildings.   (6) Different industrial steel structure buildings have different requirements for lighting and ventilation, and the size of their window openings directly affects the facade of the building. Some factories with high lighting requirements should open more windows and larger windows; And other enclosed factories that require air conditioning require as few windows as possible and small windows.   (7) Their facade treatments are definitely completely different. Some are open and bright, with many windows; Some have fewer windows and more solid walls, requiring certain treatment to achieve good results.